会计电算化外国文献

会计电算化参考文献

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《会计电算化》 作者：张斌

《会计电算化教程》 作者：陈杰|

《管家婆会计电算化简明教程》 作者：陈思璐编著|

《会计电算化理论与实务(上册)》作者：潘锡品

《会计电算化理论与实务(下册)》作者：李立志|页数：

《会计电算化理论与实践》作者：陈文军等编著|

《会计电算化精选工具软件详解实务2000》作者：刑实鉴编著

《会计电算化理论与实务》作者：彭家生|

1] 芦杰. 关于中专财会和会计电算化专业学科设置的构想[J]. 中国林业教育, 2000,(02)

[2] 牛莉侠. 高等职业教育会计电算化教学的思考[J]. 中国乡镇企业会计, 2008,(01)

[3] 董丽晖. 提高会计电算化实践能力的课堂因素分析[J]. 甘肃农业, 2006,(09)

[4] 陈兴霞, 曹军, 费淋淇. 浅析会计电算化实践教学仿真模拟题库建设[J]. 辽宁农业职业技术学院学报, 2006,(04)

[5] 杜思晓. 高校会计电算化专业建设研究[J]. 农村.农业.农民(A版), 2008,(10)

[6] 刘秋月. 会计电算化专业实验教学模式的构思与实践[J]. 郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报, 1998,(Z1)

[7] 王健. 加快林业企业会计电算化进程的建议[J]. 绿色财会, 2006,(09)

[8] 包准, 程宝华. 做好林业企业会计电算化工作的几点体会[J]. 绿色财会, 2006,(09)

[9] 高俊杰, 张东红. 种子企业实行会计电算化之我见[J]. 种子科技, 2008,(02)

[10] 丁丽娜. 中小企业会计电算化问题研究[J]. 中国乡镇企业会计, 2009,(03)

一般情况下,网上基本是找不到外国人写的,然后中文翻译过来的期刊文献,我们的一般做法是先用机器翻译,然后自己润色. 外文资料的查找方法: 1.翻译关键词 经济发展------economic developmenteconomy development 2.去Google.com in English查找外文资料,有时候还可以在后边加个文件格式:PDF.结果如:3.下载资料,方法见个人中心 4.机器翻译 5自己修改.

会记电算化原文，是英文，如下：China's accounting work of the late start from the 1970s until the end of the year, try going through the stages of development and self-organized and planned way stage of steady development, the current management accounting software-development stage. In the 20 years of development, has made considerable progress, and commercialization of GM's financial software is widely used. Many accounting software development has been toward specialization, commercialization and socialization of the track. However, due to the financial characteristics of the work itself, as well as the rapid development of the network, the rapid rise of e-commerce and so on, a number of advanced, modern things keep cropping up on the accounting system, a higher demand, so that the establishment of modern Enterprise development needs of the new financial system has become imperative. Since the accounting is a systematic project, in the process of development there is much work to do, there are many issues to be resolved in a timely manner or face serious obstacle to China's accounting to a deeper level. This article on China's accounting process and must be resolved on a few issues.First, people's thinking to solve problemsComputerization of China's cause of a late start, people thought the idea has not yet fully aware of the significance and importance of computerization. Most units are used in computerized accounting in place of hand, is only alleviate the burden on the accounting staff and improve efficiency of the accounting aspects, it does not recognize the establishment of a complete accounting information systems for enterprises, so that the existing accounting information provided Timely and effective decision-making and enterprise management services. At the same time, software updates and hardware investment in areas such as lack of support, not to mention the establishment of enterprise local area network as well as the registration of their Web site, did not make use of the advantages of information technology to improve the operational efficiency of enterprises. Accounting for this understanding is very detrimental to the development.Accounting is the accounting work in computer applications in the short to the computer is represented by modern data-processing tools and information theory, systems theory, cybernetics, databases and computer networks, such as new theories and technology used in accounting Accounting and financial management work to improve the management of accounting and economic benefits, and the realization of the modernization of accounting.We must recognize that accounting is not only changed the accounting method in the form of data storage, data-processing procedures and methods to expand the areas of accounting data to improve the quality of accounting information, but also changed the accounting and internal control audit methodology and technology, Thus promoted the theory of accounting and accounting for the further development of technology to improve and promote the accounting management system reform, is the study of accounting theory and accounting practice a fundamental change. On the face of it, accounting only applies to the computer accounting work to reduce the labor intensity of accountants, accounting to improve the speed and accuracy to the computer to replace manual accounting. In fact, accounting is not only accounting tools and methods to improve accounting, and would doubtless have been a division of accounting and personnel changes, and promote the quality of personnel and accounting knowledge structure, accounting efficiency and quality of the all-round improvement Accountants to save time and energy, changing the functions of accounting, accounting theory and accounting to promote technological progress, raise the level of accounting work, a significant increase in economic efficiency of enterprises, accounting theory and practice so that all aspects will be unprecedented in-depth Change. For example, with a focus on data storage and management features of the "Computerized Accounting", the use of advanced database and data warehouse technology, data classification has focused on storage, the total abolition of a variety of accounting and reconciliation operation, the various statements of the data Able to share data through timely and accurately made.Second, attention should be paid to accounting theory researchTheory is the precursor of action, accounting dependent on the development of computerized accounting theory of the development of computerized accounting theory behind the study, will be restricted accounting software maturity and development, computerized accounting The theory is to guide and promote the new accounting on the basis of constant improvement and development of practice guidelines.In a sense, the emergence and development of the computerized accounting process, but also break the traditional concept of accounting, the current method of accounting theory and new issues, new issues, as well as research and the establishment of new theories and methods. If the computerized accounting system in the design, work organization, information processing and accounting procedures to deal with ways and means to change itself to the current accounting theory and methods and improve the break. Although in the short term, the impact of these is the gradual, but in the long run, with the rapid development of electronic technology and computerized information systems of universal application, new problems and new issues will arise, such as: information-processing network After the establishment of enterprises will not only how to achieve the legitimate provision of accounting information in a timely manner, can the effective protection of trade secrets; accounting of the two sub-systems combine to achieve, how to improve the existing financial reporting; information on existing economic theories and methods of accounting have any effect on the And so on. On the subject of a new in-depth study will become a new accounting theory and methods, and new accounting theory and methods to establish and make computerized accounting on a new basis for further improvement and development. Traditional accounting theory of how to use the main computer system by hand, and the system did not have higher requirements of the characteristics of its own, this is not enough. Computerized Accounting theoretical research that is the realization of the computerized accounting information systems, accounting procedures and management systems, accounting methods, as well as the use of the computer as the main tool for accounting after the accounting theory, the impact of the accounting system and accounting The work of the new features. Computerized Accounting theoretical study to determine the electronic accounting information system the basic functions of the system, regulate the operation and characteristics of the interface audit, accounting files, and other basic requirements, it is consistent with the basic requirements of the accounting manual, at the same time, with their own Some of the characteristics. Computerized Accounting fundamental question of thorough

Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Managers California Occupational Guide Number 348 Interest Area 11 1995 THE JOB In every industry there is need for managers to plan and direct the activities of all organizational functions. Industries that use computers employ ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) MANAGERS to control the various activities related to the operation of the firm's mainframe computer or its client-server network, as well as all of the peripheral equipment. Major users of EDP systems are banks, public utilities, transportation and insurance companies, large manufacturing firms, and government and educational establishments. Computer equipment manufacturers and independent computer service firms also operate computer centers on a fee or contract basis. While the EDP unit often operates as an independent center, serving all departments of the establishment under an executive officer, it is often attached to another department, such as accounting. In some firms, an EDP Manager may be responsible only for computer production: data entry, data control, equipment scheduling, and quality control. In such firms, another EDP Manager takes care of programming, program maintenance and systems analysis functions. Frequently, however, the EDP Manager is in charge of all of these activities. As head of computer production units, EDP Managers plan and direct the operation of the electronic data processing equipment, and select, train, supervise and evaluate the work of the computer operations staff. In planning the work of the department, EDP Managers evaluate the relative importance of various projects and determine job priorities. They review the requirements of each project, assign machine time and personnel to complete it, and coordinate all projects to produce a continuous work flow and meet deadlines established by management of user departments. Since idle machines are expensive to the organization, one of the prime responsibilities of the EDP Managers is the effective utilization of all data processing equipment through scheduling. When their departments encompass programming and systems analysis, EDP Managers generally review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation. They may also spend much time with the analysts working out the requirements of a proposed job, defining the problem and developing the program. If the EDP Manager is not directly responsible for new programs, heshe is usually consulted about the data operations or other aspects of a new program, and may confer with programmers and analysts regarding program problems that arise during a machine run. WORKING CONDITIONS EDP Managers work in well-lighted and well-ventilated rooms. However, the temperature where the data processing equipment is located is kept lower than normal in order to counteract the heat generated by the machine operations. EDP Managers are exposed to noises in the room from the low hum of the tape or disc drives to the high-speed sound of the printers. Meeting deadlines, satisfying the demands of user departments, and solving personnel problems are potential causes of stress in this occupation; therefore, EDP Managers should have emotional stability and patience as well as organizational ability. Effective job performance generally requires that EDP Managers be able to stand and move about with ease and have mobility of arms and hands. Good vision is essential since this job demands considerable reading and other close work. EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK The following information is from the California Projections of Employment published by the Labor Market Information Division. It includes Engineering, Mathematical and Natural Sciences Managers. Estimated number of workers in 1990 53,040 Estimated number of workers in 2005 64,830 Projected Growth 1990-2005 22% Estimated openings due to separations by 2005 14,230 (These figures do not include self-employment nor openings due to turnover.) Even though more organizations are acquiring computers or enlarging their existing facilities, refinements in equipment and production methods which increase the output of the machines, may actually lessen, rather than increase the need for managers. The trend of large firms to consolidate their activities into regional service centers will also limit the growth of this occupation. However, because of industry expansion, there will continue to be a need for EDP Managers, especially those who stay abreast of technological changes. Most of the openings that will occur will be filled from within the organization. WAGES, HOURS, AND FRINGE BENEFITS EDP Managers' salaries tend to vary widely in line with such factors as the nature and size of the employing establishment, the level of the position and the degree of responsibility entailed. Salaries also vary depending upon the type of installation, i.e., utilizing a single computer manufacturer's line or using various computers manufactured by different companies. Beginning salaries start at approximately $2,500 to $4,000 per month. Those with experience may earn from $3,700 to $6,500 or more per month. Highly experienced individuals may earn up to $8,500 or more per month. Managers working for the State of California start at about $4,000 per month, and may promote to manager IV, which has a maximum salary of $6,404 per month. Those who have the higher salaries are generally responsible for directing programming and systems analysis as well as EDP operations. The work week is nominally 40 hours; however, most data processing managers find it necessary to work overtime to handle peak workloads and to compensate for unavoidable delays in the regular schedule. Fringe benefits usually include paid vacation a year, paid holidays, sick leave and health benefits. Some organizations provide a retirement and profit-sharing plans. ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING Most employers require EDP Managers to have a bachelor's degree in business administration, engineering, or computer science. Three to five years experience in data processing is usually required of EDP Managers. Demonstrated supervisory ability, along with the required experience and training is highly desirable. Managers should be familiar with program languages such as COBOL or FORTRAN. In most establishments, a broad knowledge of the firm's activities, gained through experience in accounting production, inventory control, or other specialized activities is considered an asset when combined with EDP experience. ADVANCEMENT Because of the evolving nature of EDP programming and equipment, it is important that the EDP Manager engage in continuing self-education. Several lines of advancement may be open to the EDP Manager depending on the organizational structure of his firm. Where systems and procedures functions are separate from machine operations, management of this overall planning unit may constitute a promotion. If the EDP unit is a part of the accounting department, the manager may advance to chief accountant or controller provided he has the necessary accounting background. Elsewhere, the EDP Manager may be in line for promotion to other managerial or administrative posts since directing data processing activities provides the opportunity to become familiar with most of the firm's activities. Furthermore, as the job of the EDP Manager grows in complexity and scope, these constitute an upgrading in itself with no reassignment of duties.