中英会计准则

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Enterprise accountant criterion

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半暖半夏半年华

1. 企业会计准则---------基本准则 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises - Basic Standard) 2. 企业会计准则第1 号---------存货 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 1 - Inventories) 3. 企业会计准则第2 号---------长期股权投资 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 2 - Long-term equity investments) 4. 企业会计准则第3 号---------投资性房地产 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 3 - Investment properties) 5. 企业会计准则第4 号---------固定资产 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 4 - Fixed assets) 6. 企业会计准则第5 号---------生物资产 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 5 - Biological assets) 7. 企业会计准则第6 号---------无形资产 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 6 - Intangible assets) 8. 企业会计准则第7 号---------非货币性资产交换 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 7 - Exchange of non-monetary assets) 9. 企业会计准则第8 号---------资产减值 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 8 - Impairment of assets) 10. 企业会计准则第9 号---------职工薪酬 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 9 – Employee compensation ) 11. 企业会计准则第10 号--------企业年金基金 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 10 - Enterprise annuity fund) 12. 企业会计准则第11 号--------股份支付 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 11 - Share-based payment) 13. 企业会计准则第12 号--------债务重组 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 12 - Debt restructurings) 14. 企业会计准则第13 号--------或有事项 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 13 - Contingencies) 15. 企业会计准则第14 号--------收入 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 14 - Revenue) 16. 企业会计准则第15 号--------建造合同 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 15 - Construction contracts) 17. 企业会计准则第16 号--------政府补助 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 16 - Government grants) 18. 企业会计准则第17 号--------借款费用 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 17 - Borrowing costs) 19. 企业会计准则第18 号--------所得税 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 18 - Income taxes) 20. 企业会计准则第19 号--------外币折算 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 19 - Foreign currency translation) 21. 企业会计准则第20 号--------企业合并 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 20 - Business Combinations) 22. 企业会计准则第21 号--------租赁 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 21 - Leases) 23. 企业会计准则第22 号--------金融工具确认和计量 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 22 - Recognition and measurement of financial instruments) 24. 企业会计准则第23 号--------金融资产转移 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 23 - Transfer of financial assets) 25. 企业会计准则第24 号--------套期保值 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 24 - Hedging) 26. 企业会计准则第25 号--------原保险合同 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 25 - Direct insurance contracts) 27. 企业会计准则第26 号--------再保险合同 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 26 - Re-insurance contracts) 28. 企业会计准则第27 号--------石油天然气开采 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 27 - Extraction of petroleum and natural gas) 29. 企业会计准则第28 号--------会计政策、会计估计变更和差错更正 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 28 - Changes in accounting policies and estimates, and correction of errors) 30. 企业会计准则第29 号--------资产负债表日后事项 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 29 - Events occurring after the balance sheet date) 31. 企业会计准则第30 号--------财务报表列报 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 30 - Presentation of financial statements) 32. 企业会计准则第31 号--------现金流量表 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 31 - Cash flow statements) 33. 企业会计准则第32 号--------中期财务报告 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 32 - Interim financial reporting) 34. 企业会计准则第33 号--------合并财务报表 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 33 - Consolidated financial statements) 35. 企业会计准则第34 号--------每股收益 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 34 - Earnings per share) 36. 企业会计准则第35 号--------分部报告 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 35 - Segment reporting) 37. 企业会计准则第36 号--------关联方披露 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 36 - Related party disclosure) 38. 企业会计准则第37 号--------金融工具列报 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 37 - Presentation of financial instruments) 39. 企业会计准则第38 号--------首次执行企业会计准则 (Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 38 - First time adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises)

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你仍然倔强我依然稚气

企业会计准则accounting standards for business enterprise

27评论

只想跟你终老只愿和你白头

Assumptions[edit]Business Entity: assumes that the business is separate from its owners or other businesses. Revenue and expense should be kept separate from personal expenses.Going Concern: assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. This validates the methods of asset capitalization, depreciation, andamortization. Only when liquidation is certain this assumption is not applicable. The business will continue to exist in the unforeseeable future.Monetary Unit principle: assumes a stable currency is going to be the unit of record. The FASB accepts the nominal value of the US Dollar as the monetary unit of record unadjusted for inflation.The Time-period principle implies that the economic activities of an enterprise can be divided into artificial time periods.Principles[edit]Historical cost principle requires companies to account and report based on acquisition costs rather than fair market value for most assets and liabilities. This principle provides information that is reliable (removing opportunity to provide subjective and potentially biased market values), but not very relevant. Thus there is a trend to use fair values. Most debts and securities are now reported at market values.Revenue recognition principle holds that companies may not record revenue until (1) it is realized or realizable and (2) when it is earned. The flow of cash does not have any bearing on the recognition of revenue. This is the essence of accrual basis accounting. Conversely, however, losses must be recognized when their occurrence becomes probable, whether or not it has actually occurred. This comports with the constraint of conservatism, yet brings it into conflict with the constraint of consistency, in that reflecting revenuesgains is inconsistent with the way in which losses are reflected.Matching principle. Expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. Expenses are recognized not when the work is performed, or when a product is produced, but when the work or the product actually makes its contribution to revenue. Only if no connection with revenue can be established, cost may be charged as expenses to the current period (e.g. office salaries and other administrative expenses). This principle allows greater evaluation of actual profitability and performance (shows how much was spent to earn revenue). Depreciation and Cost of Goods Sold are good examples of application of this principle.Full disclosure principle. Amount and kinds of information disclosed should be decided based on trade-off analysis as a larger amount of information costs more to prepare and use. Information disclosed should be enough to make a judgment while keeping costs reasonable. Information is presented in the main body of financial statements, in the notes or as supplementary information维基上给的。

44评论

在你婚礼上唱分手快乐

差异原因:为不同的政府、不同的制度、不同的企业所服务的。下面从制定人、制定的权威性的强度、制定的程序、会计概念的差异、法律效力以及制定目标的差异来对比差异。不同:(一)相关会计概念的差异就会计概念的界定而言,中英两国存在着一些差异。相比较而言,英国会计准则所使用的基本会计概念是明晰和相当严谨的。首先,基本会计概念的差异。这里的基本会计概念是指企业在编制财务报表时所使用的一些基本规范的条目。主要包括权责发生制、一致性以及审慎性。英国总共列举了4条基本的会计概念。尽管一些没有直接的列明但是在实际的作过程中看已经被企业、政府所认可并遵循。其次,会计政策。主要是指企业根据总的会计准则的要求自行使用的符合规范以及符合企业实际情况的辅助性准则。这里主要体现在我国。具体体现在如下情况;如符合会计要素确认计量方面要求的一般性的原则,以及划分收益性支出与资本性支出的原则。而英国较为严谨,不容许出现这种情况。最后,会计基础。是指财务人员在实际的会计实务过程中所使用的基本方法。中国所使用的方法较英国要多的多,并且极其复杂,各地、各企业差异很大。英国企业则是依据业已成规的会计准则,并坚定的服从。(二)制定机构的差异中国的会计准则管理体制更多体现政府的主导角色,行政色彩较浓,由政府机构制定实施方法以及准则条例。根据我国现行的《会计法》,全国会计的最高主管部门是国务院财政部。也就是说,我国的会计准则的制定工作由国家财政部统一负责和管理,是典型的政府制定机构模式。从研究立项到起草公布再到实施细则都无一例外的体现了国家的身影。英国的会计准则的制定机构大体上经历了三个阶段:会计准则筹划委员会(ASSC)—会计准则委员会(ASC)—新会计准则委员会(ASB)。如今,英国的会计报表准则主要是由ASB负责。在以前,英国的会计准则制定机构是由民间组织发起的,到现在为止已经发展成为一个半独立的机构。而中国的会计准则制定机构则属于不独立的性质。此外,英国准则管理机构是民间性的,很难说具有法律的约束力,但是英国的法院却给予这些民间性的会计组织相对较多的支持与帮助。(三)制定人方面的差异中国和英国制定人员及其代表性方面有些很大的差异。总体而言,中国会计准则的制定人员具有更多的代表性,因为我们是社会主义国家,人民是国家的主人。英国的新会计准则委员会成员主要来自一些专业的地方,如证券交易所,银行和上市公司,会计师事务所和律师事务所等。但是,值得注意的是这些人员都是由“会计团体咨询委员会”所指定。这就使得其代表性不足。此外,由于英国的会计准则制定受到公正原则的制约,制定人员的选择也相对的专业。这样做是为了避免不受其他利益集团的影响。在英国,除了ASB主席和技术部主任外,其他的所有制定人员都是兼职人员。这一点和中国有很大差异。就中国而言,制定人员既包括财政部官员,还包括由学术界、政府部门、企业界等代表所组成的专家小组。K(四)制定程序会计准则的制定程序是一整套的制定过程,包括起早、讨论、征求意批准、发布实施等全过程。中国的会计准则的制定程序主要参考英美等发达国家。就公开性而言,英国整个决策到制定过程都是对外公开的。此外,英国还举行公开听证活动。而我国却不是这样。我国的制定准则会议绝不对外公开,基本不举行任何的共开听证活动。(五)权威性方面前面我们已经提到,英国的会计制定原则是以公正和明晰,其权威性和法律地位更强。英国的《公司法》明确规定,除了小公司以外,每家公司的财务报表都应明确说明它是否是根据会计准则编制的。如果有违背,就应该做出解释并特别说明。因此,可以这么说,英国目前的会计准则是法律规定的,受法律保护。而中国的会计准则是由政府机构制定的,一些政府官员必然参与其中,相对来说,其权威性肯定受到一定影响。(六)制定目标中英会计准则的制定目标有很大的差异,分别是为不同的社会人员服务的。我国的会计准则的制定的时候更多的是考虑国家宏观经济管理的需要,为政府的宏观调控决策,为全面建设小康社会服务,同时适应了科学发展观的要求。但是,也会出现一些问题,这样的会计准则不具有灵活性,现有的会计准则很难适应企业的新情况。英国由于是世界金融中心之一,金融业非常发达,其会计准则更多的是为金融业服务的。因此,英国的会计准则的制定目标就是为投资者服务,投资者可以通过财务报表进行相关的投资决策。其财务报表相当的客观、公正,否则,投资人会蒙受损失。

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